Volkswagen Golf Service & Repair Manual: Heat always flows from warmer to colder material
Every material consists of a mass of moving molecules. The fast moving molecules of a warmer material loose part of their energy to slower molecules possessing less heat. This slows down the molecules of the warmer material and accelerates those with less heat. This continues until the molecules in both materials are moving at the same speed. They have the same temperature, and no further exchange of heat occurs.
Physical basics
The four known physical states of water also apply to air
conditioning refrigerants.
1 -
Gas (invisible)
2&nbs ...
Pressure and boiling point
The boiling points given in the table below are always based
on an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar. If the pressure on a liquid
is changed, its boiling point changes al ...
Other materials:
Fitting the rear towing eye
Fig. 248 Rear bumper on the right-hand
side: removing the cover
Fig. 249 Rear bumper on the right-hand
side: screwing in the towing eye
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warningsThe towing eye is screwed into a threaded hole behind
a cover on the right of the ...
Safety precautions when working on the cooling system
Risk of scalding by hot coolant
When the engine is warm, the cooling system is under pressure.
Danger of scalding due to steam and hot coolant.
–
Always wear safety gloves.
–
Always wear safety goggles.
– ...
Vehicle identification data
Fig. 19 A: Vehicle data sticker: example
shows a vehicle with engine code CPTA ③ B: Type plate
Fig. 20 Vehicle identification number
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings Vehicle identification number.
The vehicle identification number can be read from ...