Volkswagen Golf Service & Repair Manual: Charge factor
There must be space both for liquid and vapour in a
container. As the temperature rises, the liquid expands. The
space occupied by the vapour becomes smaller. Eventually, there
will only be liquid in the container. After that time, even a
small increase in temperature will result in a very large
increase in pressure, since the liquid is seeking to expand
further but there is no space for it to do so. The resulting
forces are sufficient to burst the container. To prevent
containers from being overcharged, regulations governing the
storage of compressed gases specify how many kilograms may be
charged into a container for every litre of container volume.
This charge factor multiplied by the internal volume gives the
permissible charge quantity. The charge factor for the
refrigerants used in cars is 1.15 kg/l. |
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Only very small amounts of water are soluble in liquid
refrigerant. On the other hand, refrigerant vapour and water
vapour mix in any proportion.
...
External damage can cause leaks in the refrigerant circuit. Because a small
leak will involve only small quantities of refrigerant, leaks should be checked
for using an electronic leak detector or ...
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First read and observe the introductory information
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with the data given in the service schedule.
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Removing and installing steering column, LHD
Special tools and workshop equipment
required
Torque wrench -V.A.G 1331-
Torque wrench -V.A.G 1332-
Remov ...
Assembly overview - steering wheel
1 -
Steering column
Removing and installing
→ Chapter
The centre punch marks -arrows- on the
steering wheel and the steering column must align when reinstalling.
Some steering columns leave the factory with no centre ...
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