VW Golf manuals

Volkswagen Golf Service & Repair Manual: Charge factor

There must be space both for liquid and vapour in a container. As the temperature rises, the liquid expands. The space occupied by the vapour becomes smaller. Eventually, there will only be liquid in the container. After that time, even a small increase in temperature will result in a very large increase in pressure, since the liquid is seeking to expand further but there is no space for it to do so. The resulting forces are sufficient to burst the container. To prevent containers from being overcharged, regulations governing the storage of compressed gases specify how many kilograms may be charged into a container for every litre of container volume. This charge factor multiplied by the internal volume gives the permissible charge quantity. The charge factor for the refrigerants used in cars is 1.15 kg/l.
   
Water content
Only very small amounts of water are soluble in liquid refrigerant. On the other hand, refrigerant vapour and water vapour mix in any proportion. ...

Detecting leaks
External damage can cause leaks in the refrigerant circuit. Because a small leak will involve only small quantities of refrigerant, leaks should be checked for using an electronic leak detector or ...

Other materials:

Checking metering pump -V54- with end sealing valve
–  If you are uncertain as to whether the metering pump -V54--C- has an end sealing valve or not, connect e.g. hand vacuum pump -VAS 6213- to connection -A-. –  Use hand-operated vacuum pump to a generate a vacuum of ...

Rolling resistance optimised tyres
The energy loss caused by the deformation of the tyre when rolling is known as rolling resistance. With rolling resistance optimised tyres the deformation is greatly reduced by a revised design and the use of optimised tread compositions ...

Removing and installing valve stem seals (cylinder head removed)
Special tools and workshop equipment required     Removal and installation device for valve cotters -VAS 5161A- with guide plate -VAS 5161A/32-32-.   ...

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