Volkswagen Golf Service & Repair Manual: Charge factor

Volkswagen Golf Service & Repair Manual / Air conditioning system with refrigerant R134a / General notes on air conditioning systems / Characteristics of refrigerant R134a / Charge factor

There must be space both for liquid and vapour in a container. As the temperature rises, the liquid expands. The space occupied by the vapour becomes smaller. Eventually, there will only be liquid in the container. After that time, even a small increase in temperature will result in a very large increase in pressure, since the liquid is seeking to expand further but there is no space for it to do so. The resulting forces are sufficient to burst the container. To prevent containers from being overcharged, regulations governing the storage of compressed gases specify how many kilograms may be charged into a container for every litre of container volume. This charge factor multiplied by the internal volume gives the permissible charge quantity. The charge factor for the refrigerants used in cars is 1.15 kg/l.

Water content

Only very small amounts of water are soluble in liquid refrigerant. On the other hand, refrigerant vapour and water vapour mix in any proportion. ...

Detecting leaks

External damage can cause leaks in the refrigerant circuit. Because a small leak will involve only small quantities of refrigerant, leaks should be checked for using an electronic leak detector or ...

Other materials:

Opening and closing the bonnet
Fig. 190 In the footwell on the driver side: lever for releasing the bonnet Fig. 191 Release lever for opening the bonnet above the radiator grille First read and observe the introductory information and safety warnings Opening the bonnet Ensure that the windscreen wiper arms are pos ...

Assembly overview - accelerator module
1 - Bolt 6 Nm 2 - Electrical connector Make sure it is engaged properly; pull to check that plug-in connector is correctly engaged 3 - Accelerator pedal module -GX2- ...

Vehicles with multilink suspension
The connecting pipe can be cut through at the cutting point in order to renew the centre and rear silencers separately. Cutting point is marked by an indentation on circumference of exhaust pipe. Special tools and ...