Volkswagen Golf Service & Repair Manual: Flat spots (from locking wheels)
| Flat spots can result from an extreme brake application
which causes the wheels to lock, so that the rubber is worn off
at the contact patch between the tread and the road surface. |
| As the tyres slide over the road surface, friction generates
heat, which also reduces the wear resistance of the tread
material. |
| Not even a highly wear-resistant tread compound can prevent
the flat spots caused by violent braking. |
| Even ABS-controlled brake systems cannot prevent brief
locking of the wheels, and thus, minor flat spots. |
| The degree of such wear depends largely on the vehicle
speed, the road surface and the load placed on the wheel. The
following examples should make this clear. |
| If a vehicle is braked to a standstill on a dry surface with
the wheels locked, the amount of rubber worn from the tyre will
cover an area the size of a postcard and will have a thickness
of: |
| up to 2.0 mm from a speed of 57 km/h (23.8 m braking
distance) |
| up to 3.3 mm from a speed of 75 km/h (41.8 m braking
distance) |
| up to 4.8 mm from a speed of 92 km/h (71.6 m braking
distance) |
|
|
|
| Tyres with such damage must no longer be used and must be
renewed. |
|
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Tyre noise that can be heard by the human ear is caused by
vibrations which are transmitted by the air from the source of
the sound to our ears.
...
Other materials:
Parking using the Park Assist system
Fig. 158 Parking space detected. A: parallel
parking, B: perpendicular parking
Fig. 159 In the lower section of the centre
console: button for switching on the Park Assist system manually
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings Preparation for parking
...
Assembly overview - rear centre three-point seat belt
1 -
Belt buckle
With rear belt switch, front passenger side -E259-
Removing and installing
→ Chapter
Always renew after belt tensioner has deployed with seat belt fastened
Must rest flat against contact surface when tightening nut
2&n ...
Removing and installing centre armrest
Special tools and workshop equipment
required
Torque wrench -V.A.G 1410-
Removing
–
Open lid -2- for
through-loading ...
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General notes on tyre noise