Volkswagen Golf Service & Repair Manual: Flat spots (from locking wheels)
| Flat spots can result from an extreme brake application
which causes the wheels to lock, so that the rubber is worn off
at the contact patch between the tread and the road surface. |
| As the tyres slide over the road surface, friction generates
heat, which also reduces the wear resistance of the tread
material. |
| Not even a highly wear-resistant tread compound can prevent
the flat spots caused by violent braking. |
| Even ABS-controlled brake systems cannot prevent brief
locking of the wheels, and thus, minor flat spots. |
| The degree of such wear depends largely on the vehicle
speed, the road surface and the load placed on the wheel. The
following examples should make this clear. |
| If a vehicle is braked to a standstill on a dry surface with
the wheels locked, the amount of rubber worn from the tyre will
cover an area the size of a postcard and will have a thickness
of: |
| up to 2.0 mm from a speed of 57 km/h (23.8 m braking
distance) |
| up to 3.3 mm from a speed of 75 km/h (41.8 m braking
distance) |
| up to 4.8 mm from a speed of 92 km/h (71.6 m braking
distance) |
|
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|
| Tyres with such damage must no longer be used and must be
renewed. |
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Tyre noise that can be heard by the human ear is caused by
vibrations which are transmitted by the air from the source of
the sound to our ears.
...
Other materials:
Repairing threaded connections
Special tools and workshop equipment
required
VAG 1331
Note
The use of penetrating fluid, contact spray or grease etc.
is prohibited since the missing ad ...
Safety precautions when working on vehicles with a Start/Stop system
During work on vehicles with Start/Stop system, observe the
following:
WARNING
Injury hazard as a result of automatic engine start
in vehicles with Start/Stop system
...
Service position for the front windscreen wipers
Fig. 88 Wiper blades in service position
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings The windscreen wiper arms can be lifted off the windscreen
when in the service position . Carry out the following steps to move the windscreen
wipers to the service position ...
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General notes on tyre noise