Volkswagen Golf Service & Repair Manual: Flat spots (from locking wheels)
| Flat spots can result from an extreme brake application
which causes the wheels to lock, so that the rubber is worn off
at the contact patch between the tread and the road surface. |
| As the tyres slide over the road surface, friction generates
heat, which also reduces the wear resistance of the tread
material. |
| Not even a highly wear-resistant tread compound can prevent
the flat spots caused by violent braking. |
| Even ABS-controlled brake systems cannot prevent brief
locking of the wheels, and thus, minor flat spots. |
| The degree of such wear depends largely on the vehicle
speed, the road surface and the load placed on the wheel. The
following examples should make this clear. |
| If a vehicle is braked to a standstill on a dry surface with
the wheels locked, the amount of rubber worn from the tyre will
cover an area the size of a postcard and will have a thickness
of: |
| up to 2.0 mm from a speed of 57 km/h (23.8 m braking
distance) |
| up to 3.3 mm from a speed of 75 km/h (41.8 m braking
distance) |
| up to 4.8 mm from a speed of 92 km/h (71.6 m braking
distance) |
|
|
|
| Tyres with such damage must no longer be used and must be
renewed. |
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Tyre noise that can be heard by the human ear is caused by
vibrations which are transmitted by the air from the source of
the sound to our ears.
...
Other materials:
EU general type approval number, sales type and sales or trade designation
The designations below are only applicable for VW vehicles
Since 1.1.1998, all passenger cars licensed within the European
Union must have a type approval corresponding to EU guidelines. Vehicles
licensed for road use with single-vehicle approval according to § 21
St ...
Removing and installing rear bass loudspeakers -R15-/-R17-, 2-door
Rear left bass loudspeakers -R15-/rear right bass
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Note
Removal and installation are described for the left side.
Removal and installation on the right side are carried out in
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In the factory a sealant is applied to the rear lid seal, the seal is fitted
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Note
When the seal is removed, the sealant on the inside of the seal will
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refitted, sealing and fir ...
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General notes on tyre noise